No. Storage permissions for the ASD are only needed on Android versions < 4.4 (< API 19, KitKat).
No, you can of course write to one of the shared folders on Android 11+ without permission or user interaction.
No, only on Android < 4.4 (API 19).
See also here: Some basics on Android storage system and here: How to access non-media & media files on Android 11+