It can. Your Android 13 is using the 'fused' Provider introduced in Android 10 which uses cell tower and WIFI location in addition to gps hardware (not as accurate) to determine coordinatesby default when used with the LocationSensor. You probably noticed that your old app doesn't immediately show the gps icon it shows immediately on your Android 8.
Always? Not really D(won't get into that).
Google uses gps all the time and uses all the satellite constellations available on the new phone to improve Accuracy. The MIT location sensor only makes use of the original satellite constellation. LocationSensor Accuracy can be improved on newer devices if the developer provides code to force gps and always use gps hardware instead of automatically switching between fused and gps providers which in some instances defaults to fused.
Set LocationSensor.Provider to gps and immediately Lock the Provider might work for you. You may need this advice GPS with Android 12