How do you send a pdf to the system pdfviewer?

If you want to use the activity starter, this is the way to go

You only can overwrite files, your app owns, see also Some basics on Android storage system
Also you first can check, if the file exists before overwriting

Use an extension to view the pdf directly from ASD, see the extensions directory App Inventor Extensions | Pura Vida Apps

You could copy the pdf always to the same target directory and use always the same filename

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