Welcome
I do not have a Chromebook and wish I could provide specific advice; the following may help.
Perhaps. The way I understand it, you cannot use the emulator. However you should be able to use the Companion for live development if the Chromebook will allow it and you have an Android phone or tablet. See the second post in App Inventor Setup Software installation for Chromebook
If you can download Companion and follow the advice for live development here, you should be OK
- Setup computer and phone/tablet or emulator for live testing as you build -- follow the Option One - RECOMMENDED
Build apps with an Android device and WiFi Connection - Preview the IDE
- Watch a beginner video tutorial to get started
- Take the next step with another tutorial